Maconcentrates emuto wemaapuro nemapeya zvinhu zvakakosha pakugadzira zvinwiwa, bhekari, uye varimi vemukaka pasi rose. Zvizhinji zvinotumirwa kunze kwenyika zvinoshandisa midziyo yefriji ine urefu hwemamita makumi maviri (reefer) kwekufamba mugungwa kwemazuva makumi maviri kusvika makumi mana nemashanu. Dambudziko rinowanzoitika kune vanotenga kunze kwenyika nderekuti maconcentrates egoridhe akajeka, akachenuruka anowanzo shanduka kuita amber kana brown yakasviba kana asvika—kunyangwe kana atumirwa pasi pekupisa kwakaderera nguva dzose. Kugadzikana kwemavara, kwakayerwa neCIELAB L*, a*, b* values, ndiyo mwero wehunhu hwakakosha kune vagadziri. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura zvinokonzera browning, njodzi dzinoenderana ne reefer, uye mhinduro dzakasimbiswa dzekuchengetedza ruvara panguva yekufambisa mhiri kwemakungwa.
Chikonzero chikuru chekushaikwa kweruvara panguva yekutumira reefer ibrowning isiri-enzyme, sezvo polyphenol oxidase (PPO) yatove isina simba nekubvisa utachiona hwepamusoro-soro. Zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zvinokonzera kusviba kweruvara:
- Maillard Reaction: Chinhu chikuru chinokonzera izvi. Mapuro nemapeya ane huwandu hwakawanda hweshuga inoderedza (glucose, fructose) uye maamino acids asina kuchena. Kunyangwe pa 0–4°C, macompound aya anopora zvishoma nezvishoma kwemavhiki kuti aumbe ma dark melanoidins, zvichideredza kupenya (L* value) uye zvichiwedzera A420 browning index. Mapeya anotsvaira brown ne30–50% nekukurumidza nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hweamino nitrogen.
- Kuomeswa kwePolyphenol: Kuomeswa kweokisijeni inosara munzvimbo dzine masero emumadhiramu asingauraye kunokonzera okisijeni inononoka yepolyphenols dzechisikigo (chlorogenic acid, catechin), zvichigadzira ma brown quinone polymers. Maion esimbi (simbi, mhangura) anobva mupakeji kana mumidziyo anokurumidza kukurumidza kuita izvi.
- Kuora kweAscorbic Acid: Vitamin C yechisikigo inopwanyika zvishoma nezvishoma kana yakachengetwa muchando, zvichideredza dziviriro yeantioxidant uye zvichikonzera kusviba kwechipiri.
Kutumirwa kwemidziyo yeReefer kunogadzira mamiriro akasiyana anokurumidza kurasikirwa neruvara kupfuura kungochengetera zvinhu zvinotonhora zvisina kumira:
- Kuchinja-chinja kweTembiricha: Kubata kwechiteshi, kuchinja kwesimba remagetsi, uye kuchinja kwetembiricha yegungwa zvinokonzera kuchinja-chinja kwe±2–3°C. Mwero wekusviba kwemvura unowedzera ne32% kana kutonhora kusingagadzike, uye tembiricha dziri pamusoro pe7.2°C (45°F) dzinokonzera kusviba nekukurumidza mumazuva makumi maviri chete.
- Nguva Dzekufamba Netsoka: Kufamba kwemazuva 25–40 kunowedzera kusviba kwemvura kusingaenderane nenguva. Nhamba yekusviba kwemvura muchikamu chepear concentrate inokwira neanopfuura mayuniti 0.3 mushure memazuva 30 pa4°C.
- Kuonekwa Nechiedza: Kuongororwa kwemitengo kunoratidza mavara akajeka kuUV nechiedza chinoonekwa, zvichideredza mavara uye kudzikira kweL*.
- Kubuda Kwemvura Kunokonzerwa Nekudengenyeka: Kusagadzikana kwegungwa kunokonzera kubuda kwemvura muzvivharo zvemabhegi zvisina utachiona, zvichiita kuti okisijeni ipinde uye kusviba kwenzvimbo yacho.
Kugadzikana kwemavara kunosiyana zvakanyanya pakati pemaapuro nemapeya:
| Index | Bvisa Apple Concentrate | Muto wePeya Unosimbisa |
|---|---|---|
| Ruvara rweBasi | Tsvina yero yakachenuruka | Yegoridhe rakachenuruka uye rakachena |
| Kumhanya kweBrowning | Zviri pakati nepakati | 30–50% nekukurumidza |
| Mhedzisiro yeReefer yemazuva makumi matatu | Ruvara rudiki rweamber | Kuchinja kuri pachena kweyero-brown |
Semutengesi wekunze wekuChina ane hunyanzvi, tinoshandisa sisitimu yekudzora zvinhu zvizere kuti tigadzikise ruvara rwezvinhu zvinotumirwa nereefer zvinosvika 20ft:
- Kusarudzwa Kwezvinhu Zvisina Kugadzirwa: Tinosarudza mhando dzemichero ine polyphenol shoma, ine amino acid shoma uye tinoramba michero isina kuibva zvakanyanya kuti tidzivise brown precursors.
- Kupisa kwakanyanya kwevacuum: Kushandisa evaporation iri pasi pe60°C (panzvimbo penzira dzechinyakare dzekupisa kwakanyanya) kunoderedza mashandiro ekutanga eMaillard uye kunochengetedza ruvara rwechiedza chechisikigo.
- Kurongedza Asina Kuuraya Zvinokonzera Nitrogen: Madhiramu anozadzwa zvakakwana kuti abvise nzvimbo yemusoro, uye okisijeni yasara inobviswa nenitrogen yemhando yechikafu (O₂ ≤0.5%). Madhiramu esimbi isina kusvibiswa yechikafu anodzivirira kusvibiswa kwemaion esimbi.
- Mitemo Yekugadzirisa Zvinhu Yakakomba yeReefer: Tinorayira tembiricha yekutumira zvinhu iri pakati pe0–2°C (isingapfuure 5°C), kuderedza kuvhurika kwemasuo emakontena panguva yekutarisa zvinhu zvemutero, uye kudzivirira kusvibiswa nezuva nepadivi pechiteshi.
- Kugadzirwa kweAntioxidant yechisikigo: Huwandu hushoma hwe citric acid yechisikigo uye vhitamini C inobva kumichero zvinowedzerwa kugadzirisa pH uye kudzivirira oxidation, zvichitevedzera mitemo yeFDA neEU - hapana mishonga inochengetedza yakagadzirwa ye organic orders.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa yeVatengi Vepasi Rose
- Ko rima rakasviba harina kuchengetedzeka here? Kusviba kushoma kunongova kuchinja kunoonekwa pasina njodzi dzekuchengetedza; kunaka kunoramba kwakasimba kana raisin isinganzwisisike. Kusviba kwakasviba kunobva mukuputirwa kwakakuvara kana tembiricha yakakwira, izvo zvatinodzivirira.
- Zvipembere zvechando (-18°C) zvinogona kurega kusviba here? Kunyange zvazvo kusviba kuchimisa kusviba, zvinokuvadza chimiro checolloidal chezvinonyungudika zvakajeka, zvichikonzera makore nejecha risingaperi. Tinokurudzira chete kutumira nechando kune zvinonyungudika zvemaapuro zvine makore.
- Ruvara runochengetwa kwenguva yakareba sei? Nekurongedza kwedu kwenitrogen, clear apple concentrate inoramba yakagadzikana kwemazuva makumi matatu nemashanu, uye pear concentrate kwemazuva makumi maviri nemasere mu 0–2°C reefers.
Mukupedzisa, kusviba kwemvura yeapuro nepeya panguva yekutumira reefer kunokonzerwa nemaitiro asiri eenzyme uye kunowedzera kuipa nekuda kwekushanduka-shanduka kwekushisa, kufamba kwenguva refu, chiedza, uye okisijeni. Mhinduro dzedu dzakabatanidzwa—kubva pakusarudza zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa kusvika pakugadzirisa zvinhu zvereefer—dzinononoka kuchinja kweruvara uye dzinoita kuti ruvara ruve rwakafanana pakusvika. Kuti uwane ma concentrates akagadzikana, ane mavara akasimbiswa uye mitengo yekutumira reefer ye 20ft, taura nechikwata chedu chekutengesa kuti uwane ruzivo rwakakwana uye mishumo yerabhoritari.
Mhedzisiro yekuchengetera patembiricha yemukamuri (-10~38 °C)
Mhedzisiro Yekuchengetera Zvinhu Zviri Mukati
表格
| Mwedzi Yakabatanidzwa | Kukosha kweruvara (430nm) | Kutumira chiedza (625nm) | Kusviba | HMF(mg/kg) | Asidhi yeLactic (mg/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mwedzi 0 | 81.2 | 99.2 | 0.162 | 0.84 | 383.41 |
| Zvita | 75.8 | 99.2 | 0.165 | 0.84 | 383.71 |
| 27 yemwedzi | 65.8 | 99.3 | 0.165 | 0.86 | 384.89 |
Zvakawanikwa Zvikuru
- Kuderera kukuru kwekukosha kwemavara
Kubva pa81.2 kusvika pa65.8 mumwedzi 27, mwero wekuora kwechinhu uri 18.97, uye mwedzi wechi27 wasvika pakukosha kukuru kwe≥ 65.
- Kuchinja kuri pachena kwemanzwiro
Kubva kune yero yegoridhe kusvika kune yero yebrown mumwedzi wechipfumbamwe, uye zvakare kusvika kune tsvuku yebrown mumwedzi wechi27.
- Kugadzikana kwekufambisa chiedza/kugadzikana kwemvura
Kufambiswa kwechiedza 99.2-99.4%, kusviba 0.162-165, hakukanganisike nemamiriro ekuchengetedza
- Zvipembenene zvinonyatsozivikanwa panguva yese yekuita izvi.
Zviratidzo zvese zvehutachiona zviri pa0 kana kuti hazvina kuonekwa, uye kuchengetedzeka kwakanaka.
- HMF inokwira zvishoma
Kubva pa 0.84 kusvika 0.86 mg/kg, shanduko shoma, pasi pemuganhu we ≤ 20
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-09-2026
