Muna Chikumi 2026, Europe yakanga ichipisa zvikuru.
Sekureva kweXinhua News Agency, Agence France-Presse yakafungidzira zvichibva pakufanotaura kwemamiriro ekunze uye data revanhu veEU Joint Research Centre kuti musi wa25 Chikumi, vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni zana nerimwe muEurope vakasangana netembiricha iri pamusoro pe35°C, uye vanhu mamiriyoni makumi mashanu vakabatwa nechirwere ichi muFrance chete. Sekureva kweWorld Meteorological Organization, kupisa kunotsanangurwa sekupisa kwakanyanya kwezuva nezuva kunopfuura 32°C kunotora mazuva matatu akateedzana kana kupfuura.
Ruzivo rwakabva kuFrance Ministry of Agriculture runoratidza kuti tdomasiMatunhu anobereka akarasikirwa ne80%. Mushumo weGuardianTV wakatsanangura zvakajeka mamiriro acho ezvinhu sekuti "Madomasi anobika pamuzambiringa".
Sei France yaive nyika yakanyanya kukanganiswa zvakanyanya muEurope? Avhareji yekupisa pasi rose yatokwira neinenge 1.4°C zvichienzaniswa nehuwandu hwemaindasitiri asati avapo, nepo kupisa kweEurope kwasvika painenge 2.4°C. Nekuda kwenzvimbo yayo uye maitiro ekutenderera kwemhepo, France iri panjodzi yekukanganiswa nemhepo inodziya zvakanyanya kupfuura UK neGermany. Kupisa kwakanyanya kwave chinhu chakajairika muFrance, kuchisvika nekukurumidza uye kuchigara kwenguva refu gore rega rega. Muna 2003, kupisa kwakanyanya muFrance kwakauraya vanhu vanopfuura 14,000; muna 2026, kupisa uku kwakauraya kwete hupenyu hwevanhu chete asiwo zvirimwa.
Kupisa kwakanyanya kumaodzanyemba kweFrance kwakanyanya kupfuura "kushomeka kwemvura" kwakajairika. Tembiricha dzinogara dzichipfuura 40°C kwemazuva akawanda dzinobata zvakananga michero pachayo, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwegoho rechibage ne30%, kufa kwehuku kwemazana ezviuru muFrance, uye kudzikira kwekugadzirwa kwemukaka ne30%-40% nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya mumombe dzemukaka. Chikamu chose chekurima "chiri kurwara".
Kupisa uku kwakakonzerawo gakava rezvematongerwo enyika pamusoro pemhepo inotonhodza muFrance. Vatsigiri vekodzero dzekurudyi vakataura kuti mhepo inotonhodza ndiyo chinhu chinodiwa pakurarama, ukuwo nyanzvi dzezvakatipoteredza dzakasimbisa kuti mhepo inotonhodza yaizowedzera simba rekupisa kwechitsuwa ichi. Chokwadi ndechekuti huwandu hwemhepo inotonhodza muFrance huri pasi pe10%, hwakaderera zvikuru pane hweSpain neItaly dziri pedyo. Muvhiki imwe chete, Carrefour yakatengesa mhepo inotonhodza nemafeni emagetsi anosvika zviuru makumi matatu, uye kutengeswa kwemhepo inotonhodza nemafeni emagetsi neAmazon muFrance kwakapetwa kaviri kana tichienzanisa nenguva imwe chete svondo rapfuura.
Kudzokera kuindasitiri yematomatisi: indasitiri yekugadzira matomatisi muFrance yakakura sei? Sekureva kwefungidziro yeindasitiri, goho rematomatisi muFrance muna 2026 rinotarisirwa kusvika matani 494,900, nenzvimbo yekudyara inosvika mahekita 2,736. Muna Kubvumbi, mitengo yemuno yaive yakakwira ne34% kupfuura mwero wa2025 uye yakakwira ne41% kupfuura avhareji ya2021-2025. Kudzikira kwekugadzirwa kwatove kuratidzwa zvakananga mumitengo.
Matambudziko eFrance haasi mumiganhu yayo chete. Senyika ine simba guru mukurima muEU, kudzikiswa kwekugadzirwa kwematomatisi muFrance kwakawedzera zvakananga kumanikidzwa kwekutumira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinogadzira matomatisi dzakadai seItaly neSpain. Kutengeswa kwematomatisi mumusika weEurope kwatove kunokonzerwa nekutengeswa kwetomatisi, saka kuwedzera kwemitengo kwenguva pfupi kuri kuendeswa kune vatengi vepasi rose.
"Heat Dome" yaXinjiang uye Kusava Nechokwadi muInner Mongolia
Kunyange zvazvo Europe iri kurwisana nedambudziko rematomatisi, maziso emakambani epasi rose ari kutarisa kuMabvazuva panguva imwe chete. Pakutanga kwaChikunguru 2026, Xinjiang Basin muChina yakarohwa nechiitiko chisingawanzoitiki che "heat dome".
Chii chinonzi heat dome? Muchidimbu, zvinoreva sisitimu inodziya yakasimba inoumbwa panzvimbo yakakwirira, ichiita sechivharo chehari chakakora chakavharwa chose chakasungirirwa kuchamhembe kweChina. "Chivharo" ichi chine zvinhu zviviri zvinouraya: chekutanga, chinobata kupisa kwepasi, chichidzivirira mhepo inopisa kuti isabude ichienda mumhepo yepamusoro uye chichimanikidza kuti iungane pedyo nepamusoro; chechipiri, chinovhara mhepo inotonhora kubva kunze, chichichengetedza mhepo inotonhorera kunze uye mhepo inopisa yakavharirwa mukati.
Zviziviso zvepamutemo kubva kuXinjiang Meteorological Observatory zvinoratidza kuti kutanga kwaChikunguru, dunhu rese reTurpan rakaramba riri pamusoro pe40°C kwemazuva akawanda akateedzana, nekupisa kwakanyanya kwakayerwa kwe49°C musi waChikunguru 3, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuno dzinotarisirwa kusvika pa50°C, zvichikanganisa mamiriro ekunze kwenguva imwe chete. MuHami, Bayangol nedzimwe nzvimbo, tembiricha dzepamusoro dzakapfuura 65°C.
Chinonyanya kutyisa ndechekuti "chivharo" ichi hachina kumira. Dome rinopisa riri kupararira zvishoma nezvishoma kumabvazuva. Sekureva kwezvakafanotaurwa neChina Meteorological Administration musi wa4 Chikunguru, bhandi rinopisa zvakanyanya rakafukidza Gansu nekumadokero kweInner Mongolia, uye rakazopinda munzvimbo dzeNorth China neHuanghuai. Kumaodzanyemba kweBeijing, Tianjin, pakati nepakati kumaodzanyemba kweHebei, kuchamhembe kweHenan nekumadokero kweShandong, tembiricha yepamusoro yemasikati iri kukwira kusvika 38°C kusvika 40°C.
Saka, zvirimwa zvematomatisi zveXinjiang zvinogona kurarama gore rino here? Tinofanira kuongorora izvi kubva muzvikamu zviviri: "maitiro ekudyara" uye "mamiriro ekunze enzvimbo".
Kudyara Mumunda Wakavhurika vs. Kudyara Greenhouse
100% yemadomasi anogadzirwa muXinjiang anorimwa muminda yakashama. Mamiriro ekunze akavhurika uye anopinda nemhepo anodzivirira "kugocha kwakazara" muminda yakashama. Nzvimbo dzakanyanya kukanganiswa muFrance dzaive dzimba dzakashama dzisina michina yepamusoro yekudzora zvakatipoteredza, uko tembiricha yemukati yaigona kukwira zvakanyanya kupfuura mwero wekunze. Madomasi eXinjiang anokura muminda yakashama, uko mhepo inogona kupfuura.
Kuvimba neTianshan Mountain Snowmelt Irrigation
Upenyu hwematomatisi eXinjiang huri mumvura inonyunguduka yechando inobva kumakomo eTianshan. Kunyangwe tembiricha yepamusoro ichiwedzera kupwa kwemvura, inokurumidzawo kunyunguduka kwechando chemumakomo nechando, izvo zvinoita kuti mvura irambe yakagadzikana. Pamwe chete netekinoroji yakakurumbira ye "drip irrigation under plastic film + integrated water and fertilizer management" muXinjiang, mvura inosvika kumidzi inogona kuvimbiswa nemazvo.
Mutsetse Wekupedzisira weKudzivirira: Kusiyana Kwekupisa Kwezuva Nezuva
Kugadzirwa kwe lycopene kunoda tembiricha yakakodzera yehusiku. Chinhu chinoshamisa cheXinjiang chiri muchimiro chayo chinozivikanwa chemamiriro ekunze: "kupfeka bhachi redehwe mangwanani uye gauze masikati". Kunyangwe tembiricha yemasikati ikapfuura 40°C, chero bedzi tembiricha yehusiku ikadonha kusvika pa20°C, zvirimwa zvinogona kuwana mukana wekupora.
Muna 2025, nzvimbo yekudyara madomasi anogadzirwa muXinjiang yakasvika 520,000 mu, negoho rematani mamiriyoni 4.8. Mwero wekushandiswa kwemichina wakakwira kusvika 99%, nemwero wekudyara nekukohwa michina uchipfuura 98.5%. Xinjiang ine mabhizinesi anodarika 70 ekugadzira, ichiumba sisitimu yakazara yemaindasitiri inosanganisa kubereka, kudyara, kugadzira uye kutengesa. Mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weXinjiang Tomato Industry Association akazivisa kuti nzvimbo yekudyara madomasi inogadzirwa gore rino i1.6 miriyoni mu, iyo 1.35 miriyoni mu iri muXinjiang, inodarika 84% yehuwandu hwenyika.
MuChangji Prefecture neHeshuo County muXinjiang, varimi vakataura kuti "kukura kwemaruva ematomatisi nemichero gore rino kwakaenzana", negoho rinofungidzirwa rematani mapfumbamwe pa mu. Varimi vemuShawan City vakatiwo mhando dzezvirimwa dziri pakati pekukura dzinotarisirwa kukohwewa kutanga kwaNyamavhuvhu, negoho rematani angangoita mapfumbamwe pa mu.
Zvichibva panhau dzakawanda, kupisa kwenguva pfupi kwakaitika pakutanga kwaChikunguru hakuna zvakunobatsira zvakanyanya pakudzikira kwekugadzirwa kwemadomasi emuXinjiang. Zvisinei, tembiricha dzakakwirira dzichakurumidza kuibva kwemichero, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kune nguva yekukohwa yakawandisa, zvichiisa simba guru rekugadzira zuva nezuva pafekitori dzekugadzira dziri pasi pemvura, zvichikonzera kumira mumutsara.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-10-2026
